Adrenal Disorders

Adrenal Disorders

Adrenal disorders occur when the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, produce too much or too little of essential hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. These disorders can significantly impact metabolism, immune function, blood pressure, and stress response. Recognizing the symptoms early is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Common Symptoms of Adrenal Disorders

1. Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) – Low Hormone Production

When the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient hormones, it can lead to adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms include:

• Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Low blood pressure and dizziness
• Darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation)
• Salt cravings
• Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
• Mood changes, including depression and irritability

2. Cushing’s Syndrome – Excess Cortisol Production

Excessive production of cortisol can lead to:

• Unexplained weight gain, especially around the face, abdomen, and upper back
• Thinning skin that bruises easily
• High blood pressure
• Muscle weakness
• Increased blood sugar levels, possibly leading to diabetes
• Mood swings, anxiety, or depression

3. Primary Aldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome) – Excess Aldosterone Production

Too much aldosterone can result in:

• High blood pressure (often resistant to medications)
• Low potassium levels, leading to muscle cramps and weakness
• Frequent urination and excessive thirst
• Numbness or tingling sensations

4. Pheochromocytoma – Excess Adrenaline Production

A rare tumor of the adrenal glands causes excessive adrenaline production, leading to:

• Sudden episodes of high blood pressure
• Rapid heartbeat and palpitations
• Severe headaches
• Sweating and flushing
• Anxiety or panic attack-like symptoms

5. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Hormonal Imbalance from Birth

A genetic disorder affecting adrenal hormone production, leading to:

• Abnormal growth and development in children
• Early puberty or delayed puberty
• Irregular menstrual cycles in females
• Excess body hair and acne

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, blood pressure fluctuations, or any of the above symptoms, consult an endocrinologist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage adrenal disorders effectively and prevent complications.