High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)

High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, occurs when the body has too much glucose in the bloodstream due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin usage. If left unmanaged, it can lead to serious complications, including diabetes-related emergencies and long-term organ damage. Recognizing the early signs of high blood sugar can help prevent complications and improve overall health.

Common Symptoms of High Blood Sugar

1. Increased Thirst & Frequent Urination

Excess glucose in the blood pulls water from the body’s tissues, leading to excessive thirst (polydipsia).
The kidneys work harder to eliminate the extra sugar, resulting in frequent urination (polyuria), especially at night.

2. Unexplained Fatigue

When glucose isn’t efficiently used by the cells for energy, it leads to persistent tiredness and weakness, even with adequate rest.

3. Blurred Vision

High blood sugar causes swelling in the lens of the eye, leading to blurry or distorted vision. If left uncontrolled, it may increase the risk of diabetic eye disease.

4. Increased Hunger (Polyphagia)

Despite eating regularly, individuals may feel constantly hungry because the body isn’t properly converting glucose into energy.

5. Slow-Healing Wounds & Frequent Infections

High sugar levels impair wound healing, making cuts and bruises take longer to recover.
It also weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections, particularly skin infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and gum disease.

6. Tingling or Numbness in Hands & Feet

Persistent high blood sugar can damage nerves, leading to numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the extremities (a condition called diabetic neuropathy).

7. Dry Mouth & Skin

Dehydration from frequent urination can cause dry skin, making it itchy and prone to cracks. Dry mouth can also occur, increasing the risk of gum infections and bad breath.

8. Unexplained Weight Loss

Despite excessive hunger, some individuals may experience sudden and unintended weight loss, as the body starts breaking down muscle and fat for energy instead of using glucose.

9. Mood Swings & Irritability

Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can lead to mood changes, irritability, anxiety, or difficulty concentrating.

10. Nausea & Vomiting

In extreme cases, high blood sugar can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition where the body starts breaking down fat too quickly, releasing harmful acids (ketones) into the bloodstream. This may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fruity-smelling breath.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent symptoms of high blood sugar, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to complications such as diabetes, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular problems. Regular monitoring, lifestyle changes, and medical management can help control blood sugar levels and prevent complications.

If you are experiencing severe symptoms like confusion, difficulty breathing, or extreme drowsiness, seek emergency medical care immediately.