Allergies in Children

Allergies in Children

Allergies are one of the most common pediatric conditions, affecting children of all ages. They occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances (allergens) such as pollen, dust, certain foods, or pet dander. At Heritage Hospital, our pediatric specialists provide comprehensive allergy diagnosis, treatment, and management to ensure children lead healthy, symptom-free lives.

Common Types of Allergies in Children

1. Food Allergies: Reaction to foods like milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. Symptoms range from mild itching to severe anaphylaxis.
2. Respiratory Allergies: Triggered by pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander, leading to allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and asthma.
3. Skin Allergies: Includes eczema (atopic dermatitis), hives (urticaria), and contact dermatitis due to irritants like soaps or plants.
4. Insect Sting Allergies: Reactions to bee stings, wasp stings, or fire ant bites, which can sometimes cause life-threatening anaphylaxis.
5. Drug Allergies: Adverse reactions to medications such as antibiotics (penicillin) or pain relievers.

Symptoms of Allergies in Children

• Sneezing, runny nose, congestion, and itchy eyes (common in respiratory allergies)
• Skin rashes, redness, swelling, or hives
• Stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea (seen in food allergies)
• Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath (linked to asthma and respiratory allergies)
• Severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can cause difficulty breathing and require emergency care

Diagnosis & Testing

At Heritage Hospital, we use advanced diagnostic methods to identify specific allergens:

• Skin Prick Test: Small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin to observe reactions.
• Blood Tests: Measures allergy-related antibodies (IgE levels) in the blood.
• Elimination Diet: Used for food allergies by removing suspected allergens and reintroducing them gradually.
• Patch Testing: Helps diagnose contact dermatitis by applying allergens to the skin over time.

Treatment & Management Options

1. Avoidance Strategies: Identifying and minimizing exposure to known allergens.
2. Medications:
   • Antihistamines: Relieve mild allergic reactions like sneezing and itching.
   • Nasal Sprays & Decongestants: Help manage respiratory allergies.
   • Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation in skin and respiratory allergies.
   • Epinephrine (EpiPen): A life-saving treatment for severe anaphylaxis.
3. Allergy Immunotherapy (Desensitization):
   • Allergy shots (subcutaneous immunotherapy) or sublingual tablets to build long-term tolerance.
4. Asthma Management:
   • Inhalers and nebulizers for children with allergy-induced asthma.

When to See a Pediatric Allergist?

If your child experiences persistent allergy symptoms affecting their daily activities, sleep, or school performance, it’s essential to consult a pediatric specialist at Heritage Hospital. Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve their quality of life.