Stomach Infections in Children

Stomach Infections in Children

Stomach infections, also known as gastroenteritis, are common in children and can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. These infections lead to inflammation of the stomach and intestines, resulting in symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, and fever. While most cases are mild, severe infections can lead to dehydration and other complications, requiring medical attention.

Causes of Stomach Infections

1. Viral Infections:
   
   • Rotavirus (most common in infants and young children)
   • Norovirus (highly contagious, often causes outbreaks)
   • Adenovirus and Astrovirus
2. Bacterial Infections:
   
   • Salmonella: Can be contracted from contaminated food, water, or undercooked meat.
   • E. coli: Found in contaminated food or water, can cause severe diarrhea.
   • Shigella: Often spreads through poor hygiene and contaminated water.
   • Campylobacter: Typically linked to undercooked poultry and unpasteurized dairy.
3. Parasitic Infections:
   
   • Giardia lamblia: Common in contaminated water sources.
   • Cryptosporidium: Spreads through water and person-to-person contact.

Symptoms of Stomach Infections

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea (may contain mucus or blood in bacterial infections)
• Stomach cramps and bloating
• Fever and chills
• Loss of appetite
• Dehydration signs (dry mouth, reduced urination, dizziness)

Diagnosis & Evaluation

At Heritage Hospital, our pediatricians conduct a thorough evaluation, including:

• Medical history review to assess symptoms and possible exposure to contaminated food or water.
• Physical examination to check for dehydration, abdominal pain, and other signs.
• Laboratory tests, such as stool analysis, to identify bacterial or parasitic infections.
• Blood tests in severe cases to check for infections and electrolyte imbalances.

Treatment Options

1. Hydration Therapy:
   
   • Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to restore lost fluids and electrolytes.
   • In severe dehydration, IV fluids may be necessary.
2. Medications:
   
   • Antibiotics for bacterial infections (only if prescribed by a doctor).
   • Anti-parasitic medications for parasitic infections like giardiasis.
   • Probiotics to restore gut health and balance beneficial bacteria.
3. Dietary Management:
   
   • BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) for mild stomach infections.
   • Avoid dairy, sugary drinks, and spicy foods until recovery.
   • Small, frequent meals to ease digestion.

Prevention Strategies

• Encourage handwashing before meals and after using the restroom.
• Ensure proper food hygiene—wash fruits and vegetables, cook meat thoroughly.
• Avoid contaminated water; opt for boiled or purified drinking water.
• Keep children’s vaccinations up to date, including the rotavirus vaccine.

When to Seek Medical Help

Parents should bring their child to Heritage Hospital if they experience:

• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours.
• High fever (above 102°F).
• Severe dehydration (sunken eyes, lethargy, no urination for over 6 hours).
• Blood in stools or vomit.

Our pediatric specialists at Heritage Hospital provide expert diagnosis, personalized treatment, and compassionate care to ensure a quick and safe recovery for your child.